#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

/* 
Demonstration of printf().

Compiles on a UNIX system using: 

   gcc -lm -Wall -o C-examples-4 C-examples-4.C

Execute from the shell using "C-examples-4" or "./C-examples-4".
*/


int main(int argc, 
	 char** argv)
{
  /* Announce that this begins the formatted output section. */
  printf("--------------------------\n");
  printf("Formatted output examples:\n\n");

  /* Integers are interpolated using "%d". */
  printf("A leap year occurs every %d years.\n", 4);

  /* Strings are interpolated using "%s". */
  printf("Every %s years is a leap year.\n", "four");

  /* Decimal numbers are interpolated using "%f". */
  printf("Pi is approximately equal to %f.\n", 4 * atan(1));

  /* The width can be specified by placing an integer between "%" and
  "d".  This is useful for making nice looking tables.  By default the
  numbers are right justified. */
  printf("\nRight justified integers using 4d:\n");
  printf("%4d\n", 365);
  printf("%4d\n", 365 / 4);
  printf("%4d\n", 365 * 4);

  /* We can also left justify. */
  printf("\nLeft justified integers using -4d:\n");
  printf("%-4d\n", 365);
  printf("%-4d\n", 365 / 4);
  printf("%-4d\n", 365 * 4);

  /* Occasionally it is useful to pad the left end of the string with
     zeros. */
  printf("\nPadded on the left with zeros to make a field with width 7:\n");
  printf("%07d\n", 365);
  
  /* For tabular output, decimal numbers can be displayed as %w.df,
   where d and w are integers specifying the the total field width (w)
   and the number of digits to the right of the decimal point (d). */
  printf("\nDecimal output using 12.4f:\n");
  printf("%12.4f\n", 4 * atan(1));
  printf("%12.4f\n", log(371));

  /* An example using two arguments. */
  printf("\nInterpolation of two values:\n");
  printf("Each year has %d days, except for leap years which have %d days.\n",
	 365, 365 - 1);

  /* An example using tabs. */
  printf("\nTabs:\n");
  printf("%4d\t%4d\t%4d\t%4d\n", 2, 2*2, 2*2*2, 2*2*2*2);

  /* A series of strings separated by whitespace are automatically joined. */
  printf("\nConcatenated strings in the source code:\n");
  printf("Each year has %d days, except for leap " 
	 "years, occuring every %s years, " 
	 "which have only %d days.\n", 365, "four", 365 - 1);

  /* A literal percent sign ("%") is given by "%%". */
  printf("\nLiteral percent signs:\n");
  printf("The Michigan sales tax rate is 6%%.\n");
  printf("The Michigan sales tax rate is %d%%.\n", 6);

  printf("\nEnd of formatted output examples.\n");
  printf("---------------------------------\n\n");

  return 0;
}